Not to be misunderstood for the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland is the smallest constituent country of the United Kingdom. Unlike England, Scotland, and Wales, Northern Ireland is located on the island of Ireland. It is bordered by the Republic of Ireland in the south and a vast coastline in the north. The Irish Sea separates Northern Ireland from the British Isles. It is, however, separated from Scotland by the North Channel.
Northern Ireland is also called Ulster, referring to the six of the nine counties of Ulster that chose to remain with the United Kingdom. When Ireland was partitioned in 1922, the ancient province of Ulster was asked to choose between joining the Irish Free State and remaining with the Union. Except for the three states of Donegal, Monaghan, and Cavan, the remaining six counties voted for the UK.
Located in the Northeast corner of the island of Ireland, Northern Ireland has diverse geographical features, including rolling hills, plenty of lakes and rivers, and picturesque valleys. Lake Neagh, the largest lake, borders five of the six counties in Northern Ireland. The Mourne Mountains, the country’s highest mountains, lie to the southeast.
Northern Ireland was officially created as a country with the Anglo Irish Treaty of 1921, which partitioned the island of Ireland and established the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland as a constituent country of the United Kingdom.
But Ireland has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Archaeologists have found evidence of settlement since 10,000 BCE. There are still ruins of Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Age monuments spread across Ireland.
As for the origin of Ireland and its story, legend has it that a quasi mythical people called Tuatha de Dannan inhabited it. They gave the country its current name and sent their gods to meet the Germanic Celts.
Around 400 CE, Saint Patrick, originally a Welsh slave and one of the three patron saints of Ireland, helped the Celtic tribes convert to Christianity. After the Vikings, who settled in the 9th century, the Normans tried to settle from the 10th century onwards and controlled most of the island by the 14th century.
King Henry VIII invaded Ireland, forcing the Irish government to declare himself King and accept Protestantism. His successors also tried this by giving away land to England loyalists and executing Catholic bishops and priests. In the later centuries, the Irish fought for freedom from the English.
This was followed by several centuries of persecution against the Catholics, who revolted with equal fervour, culminating in the Government of Ireland Act, where Ireland was partitioned, and the six counties of Ulster decided to stay with the United Kingdom. This was followed by a civil war that later culminated in the formation of the Republic of Ireland. However, peace didn’t last until the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, which helped establish civil and political rights and power sharing between the Unionists and the Nationalists.
Today, Northern Ireland is a peaceful country that welcomes tourists from across the world. These visitors come to explore its scenic locations and enjoy Irish culture. Check our UK tour package itinerary if you’d like to explore Northern Ireland.